Compare Botswana (2003) - Northern Mariana Islands (2004)

Compare Botswana (2003) z Northern Mariana Islands (2004)

	Botswana (2003)	Northern Mariana Islands (2004)

Administrative divisions	9 districts and four town councils; Central, Francistown, Gaborone, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse, Northwest, Northeast, Selebi-Pikwe, Southeast, Southern*	none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order; Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian
Age structure	0-14 years: 39.5% (male 314,764; female 307,024) 15-64 years: 56% (male 424,726; female 455,967) 65 years and over: 4.5% (male 30,599; female 40,187) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 20.3% (male 8,286; female 7,625) 15-64 years: 78.1% (male 25,579; female 35,534) 65 years and over: 1.6% (male 603; female 625) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts	coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle
Airports	86 (2002)	6 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 55 under 914 m: 18 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km	total: 477 sq km land: 477 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Texas	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has the world's highest known rate of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.	Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978.
Birth rate	25.5 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	19.77 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.3 billion expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 01/02)	revenues: $193 million expenditures: $223 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY01/02 est.)
Capital	Gaborone	Saipan
Climate	semiarid; warm winters and hot summers	tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	1,482 km
Constitution	March 1965, effective 30 September 1966	Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland	conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency	pula (BWP)	US dollar (USD)
Death rate	31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	2.3 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$360 million (2002)	NA
Dependency status	-	commonwealth in political union with the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGINS embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 312782	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164	-
Disputes - international	established a commission with Namibia to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; dormant dispute remains where Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundaries converge	none
Economic aid - recipient	$73 million (1995)	extensive funding from US
Economy - overview	Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $9,500 in 2002. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for nine-tenths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. Long-term prospects are overshadowed by the prospects of a leveling off in diamond mining production.	The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with employment of 17,500 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions.
Electricity - consumption	1.564 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh
Electricity - imports	1.183 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh
Electricity - production	409.8 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m
Environment - current issues	overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources	contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%	Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean
Exchange rates	pulas per US dollar - 6.33 (2002), 5.84 (2001), 5.1 (2000), 4.62 (1999), 4.23 (1998)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%	chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Juan N. BABAUTA (since NA January 2002); Lieutenant Governor Diego T. BENAVENTE (since NA January 2002) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held NA November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: Juan N. BABAUTA elected governor in a four-way race; percent of vote - Juan N. BABAUTA (Republican Party) 49%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	diamonds 90%, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles	garments
Exports - partners	European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)	US (2000)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center	blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath
GDP	purchasing power parity - $13.48 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $900 million note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4% industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $8,500 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $12,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.2% (2002 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	22 00 S, 24 00 E	15 12 N, 145 45 E
Geography - note	landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country	strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean
Heliports	-	1 (2003 est.)
Highways	total: 10,217 km paved: 5,619 km unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)	total: 362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products	food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products
Imports - partners	Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)	US, Japan (2000)
Independence	30 September 1966 (from UK)	none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Industrial production growth rate	2.4% (2001 est.)	NA
Industries	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles	tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate	total: 67.34 deaths/1,000 live births male: 68.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 7.25 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	8.1% (2002 est.)	1.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	11 (2001)	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)	Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court
Labor force	264,000 formal sector employees (2000)	6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (June 1995)
Labor force - by occupation	NA	NA
Land boundaries	total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.61% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 82.61% (2001)
Languages	English (official), Setswana	English, Chamorro, Carolinian note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Legal system	based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%, other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1	bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 1 November 2003 (next to be held 5 November 2005); House of Representatives - last held 1 November 2003 (next to be held 5 November 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Covenant Party 9, Republican Party 7, Democratic Party 1, independent 1 note: the Northern Mariana Islands does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Pedro A. TENORIO)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 32.26 years male: 32.2 years female: 32.32 years (2003 est.)	total population: 75.67 years male: 73.11 years female: 78.38 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.8% male: 76.9% female: 82.4% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 96% (1980 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, north of South Africa	Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Map references	Africa	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches	Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$207.3 million (FY02)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.5% (FY02)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 381,056 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 201,402 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 20,476 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)	Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Nationality	noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)	noun: NA adjective: NA
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility	active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)
Natural resources	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver	arable land, fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	9.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]	Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [NA]; Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	1,573,267 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)	78,252 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	47%	NA
Population growth rate	-0.55% (2003 est.)	2.71% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Saipan, Tinian
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways	total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2002)	-
Religions	indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15%	Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.72 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 0.79 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Telephone system	general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	131,000 (September 2001)	21,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	270,000 (September 2001)	3,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997)
Terrain	predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest	southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Total fertility rate	3.27 children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)	NA
Waterways	none	-

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